    ""  ""
	
	
		 
		
		 
		 
		  
		    
		     
		 
		  
		     
		 
		  
		   
		 
		 
		 
		
		  
		  
		 
		 
		   
		
		  
		 
		         
		    ܻ
		   
		   B 
		 ,   
		   
		 
		 
		 
		  
		   
		- 
		-,   
		 
		 
		   
		   
		 
		 
		  
		   
		  
		 ۗۻ 
		   
		  
		   
		  
		  
		   (  ) 
		    
		   
		  
		  
		 
		 () 
		 
		 
		,  (. 1918) 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		,   (.1923) 
		 
		  
		 
		   
		 ,  
		 
		    
		  
		 
		   
	
		  
		   
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		    
		  
		  
		     
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		-    
		 
		 
		  
		   
		,   
		 
		  
		߻ 
		 
		  
		 . . 
		 Ȼ 
		   
		   
		  
		 
		- 
		 
		     
		 
		 
		- 
		- 
		- 
		- 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  (  ) 
		 
		- 
		  
		 ޻ 
		  
		 ()  
		  
		   
		     
		   
		 
		  
		     
		 
		   
		  /  
		 
		 ( )
		 λ 
		  
		    
		 
		  
		  () 
		,   (. 1925) 
		 
		  
		  
		  () 
		 
	
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		      
		 
		  
		    
		 
		 
		   
		  ޻ 
		  
		-,      
		 ջ
		,   (18641920)
		    
		  
		   
		 
		  
		   
		 
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		    
		ܻ 
		 ,   
		 ,   
		 ,   
		 Ż 
		 
		  
		  
		  
		    
		- 
		  
		- 
		 
		   
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		    
		   
		  
		  
		  
		   
		   
		 
		  
		
		 
		 
		  
		 
		 ʻ 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		     
		  
		  
		  
		      
		   
		 ()   
		 ()  
		    Ż 
		  
		 
		   
		  
		   
		  ܻ 
		   
		   
		    
		  
		   
		 
		  
		   
		   
		 
		 
		  
		߻   
		   
		  
		 ʻ 
		 
		  
		  
		   ,      
		  
		  
	
		 
		
		  
		 
		 
		    
		,  (. 1923) 
		 
		    
		  
		
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		   
		   
		  
		 
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		   
		  
		   
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 
		  
		  ܻ 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		     
		   
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 ( ) 
		,   (. 1945) 
		 
		 
		,    
	
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		 ,  (. 1933) 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		   
		    
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  () 
		,    
		  ( ) 
		,   (. 1900) 
		  
		 
		 
		   
		  
		  
		 ͻ 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		   
		  
		 
		  
		 
		 
		,  (. 1904)  
		 
		,   
		   
		    
		 Z 
		
		  
		  
		 
		,  
		    
		 
		 
		 
		  
		 һ 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		  
		    
		 
		
		 (,   ) 
		   
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  () 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		- 
		  
		   
		,     
		  
		  
		    
		  
		  ,    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 Ż 
		 
		  
		  
		   
		 ,  
		 
		    
		  
		  
		    
		      
		 
		  
		  
		 
		     
		   
		  () 
		 ,  
		   
		  
		,  (. 1909) 
	
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		   
		
		  
		  
		 
		 
		 ,    
		  
	
		
		,  (. 1917)  
		  
		   
		 
		 
	
		  
		   
		  
		  
		 
		 
		       
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		
		  
		  
		    
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		   
		 PAC-MAN 
		ʻ 
		 
		   
		 
		 
		 
		Ż  
		Ż 
		ɻ  
		 ƻ 
		ܻ 
		 
		 ߻ 
		 Ż 
		 Ż 
		 һ 
		 ʻ 
		 ʻ 
		 Ȼ 
		ʻ 
		   
		  
		 ܻ 
	
		    
		    
		   
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		  
		 
		    
		  
		  
		 
		  
		    
		  
		   
		   
		   
		   
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 ,     
		  
		  
		,   
		 
		  
		    
		     
		     
		 
		  
		 
		  
		,    
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		    
		  
		  
		  
		    
		   
		  
		-- 
		 
		 
	
		 
		 
		      
		       
		   
		 
		 
		,    (. 1943) 
		 
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 
		  
		   
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		  
		 ۻ 
		 ( ) 
		߻  
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		  
		   
		  
		 ,   
		 
		  
		 ()  
		  
		  
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		   ʻ 
		,     
		    
		
		  
		  
		-  
		-  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		,    
		  
		,    
		  
		  
		 
		   
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  () 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		   
		 
		 (CO-OP)
		 
		  
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		    
		 
		  
		    
		 
		߻  
		  
		  
		 /  
		  / ˻ 
		  
		   
		   
		   
		   
		 /Ļ 
		   
		    ɻ 
		    
		  
		  
		 /Ļ 
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		 
		     
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		   
		  
		   
		  
		  
		   
		 J 
		 S
		 
		  
		,   
		- 
		- 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		  
		,    
		   
		-˻ 
		 
		 
		   
		  
		,  (. 1950) 
	
		 
		,  (1903-1981)
		,  
		,  (. 1925) 
		  
		  
		 
		T,  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		  
		 
		 
		   
		  
		 
	
		
		
		,    
		  ߻  
		  
		,   (19061964) 
		 
		  ()   
		  
		  
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		  ,   
		- 
		- 
		 
		  
		  
		,   (19081970) 
		 ,   
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 /ܻ
		  
		 /ʻ 
		 /  
		  /һ 
		   
		  
		  
		,  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		 
		 
		   
		 
		  
		  
		   
		 -- 
		   
		  
		  
		߻ , ɻ  
		   
		   
		  
		   
		 - 
		     
		  
		   
		  
		    
		 J 
		  
		 
		  
		 
		    
		  
		 
		,  (. 1939) 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		 
		  () 
		  
		 
		     
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		
		 
		 
		   
		  
		 ,   
		 
		-  
		  
		,  
		,   (18801949) 
		  
		  
		  
	
		   
		  
		   
		   
		Ż 
		  
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		    
		     
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		   
		  
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 ,   
		   
		   
		  
		  
		  
		   () 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		ɻ  
		   
		  
		 
		  
		   
		  ӻ  
		  
		  
		 
		    
		  
		    
		 ,  
		  
		 
		   
		   
		 
		  
		   
		  
		  
		 
		- 
		   
		 (   ) 
		 
	
		 
		 
		  
		 
		     
		  û 
		  - 
		   
		    
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		
		  
		  ( ) 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		    
		 
		   
		   
		    
		ʻ 
		 
		  
		 
		   
		      
		   
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		   
		 
		  
		  
		  
		   
		   
		  P/E
		   
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		    
		  
		  
		  
		 û () 
		    
		     
		    
		   
		      
		   
		  
		 
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 ˻ 
		 һ 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		- 
		  ȓ 
		- 
		  
		   
		  
		 
		 
		   
		   
		  
		    
		   
		  
		   
		    
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		  
		 
		   
		 
		 
		    
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		   
		   
		  
		  
		   
		   
		 
		  
		  
		   
		 
		   
		  
		 
		 
		   
		   
		     
		    
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  Ȼ 
		  
		   
		   
		 
		   
	
		  ()  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 () 
		   
		 
		 
		  
		    
		  
		  
		 
		   
		  
		ػ 
		 
		  
		    
		        
		   
		  
		  
		    
		  
		   
		  
		    
		 ,    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		     
		   
		    
		 
		 
		   
		    
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		   
		  
		,  (. 1942) 
		    
		       
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  ,    
		 
		  
		 
		  
		 
		  
		    
		   
		U- 
		   
		    
		  
		     
		 
		  
		  
		   
		  
		   
		 
		߻  
		 
		 
		  
		 
		 ()  
		 
		  
		  /ۻ,  / 
		 ѻ 
		 5 
		   
		  
		  
		    
		    ()
		 
		   
		  
		 
		   
		    
		 ,    
		
		 
		   
		  
		  
		,   (. 1947) 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		   û 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		   
		 
		  
		       
		    
		  
		A 80/20 
		  
		  
		  
		     
		   
		  
		  
		   
		  ӻ 
		 
		 
		   
		 
		   
		 
		 
		  
		   
		 
		   
		   
		 /  
		  
		 
		  » 
		     
		    
		 
		    
		     
		      
		   ,    
		  ,        
		    
		   
		    
		    
		   
		    
		 
		   
		  
		    
		 
		  
		  
		  
		
		Ļ  
		 
		 
		   Ż 
		    
		   
		 
		 
		   
		  
		  
		 
		 
		    
		  
		  
		 
		 
		 
		    
		  
		 
		 
		  
		 
		  
		 
		    
		    
		   
		     
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		   
		  
		 
		  
		   
		   
		  ( ) 
		  
		  
		  ( ) 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 () 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  
		   
		  
		   
		 
		  
		 
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  /  
		   
		   
		    
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		 
		  ( )  
		  
		߻  
		 ()   
		  (2   1993 .)
		   .  
	
		    
		  ̻  
		        
		        
		       
		,      
		   
		    
		  
		  
		  
		        
		  
		  
		   
		  
		    
		   
		  
		  
		      
		 
		 11-  
		
		  
		  
		   
		   
		   
		     
		    
		  
		    
		   
		    
		       
		      
		 
		 
		   () 
		 
		 
			
		   
		  
		   
		   
		 
		   
		 ()  
		    
		 
		 
		   
		   
		    
		    
		           
		        
			
		
		  
		     
		    
		  
		    
		     
		  
		  
		     
		   ,       , 
		,   (. 1907) 
		     
		        
		   
		     
		 
		 
		      
		    
		    
		 
		  
		  - 
		   Ha   PACCBETE  
		  
		  
		     
		    
		  
		        
		    
		   () 
		 
		  
		   
		 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 
		    
		        ܻ 
		     
		     
		    
		     
		  
		 
		 
		      
		    
		  
		    
		     
		   
		  
		  
		    
		 
		          (   )
		   ,   
		     
		   
		        
		    
		   
		  һ  
		    
		     
		    
		     
		     
		     
		    
		    
		     
		     
		    
		     
		 
		  () 
	
		  
		  (C)
		    
		 
		  
		    
		   
		  
		 ,     
		  
		   
		    
		  
		 
		  
		 
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		    (    )
		  
		 
		    
		 һ 
		  
		   
		 
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		   
		  
		  
		 ,    
		 () 
		  
		 
		       
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 
		     
		  
		 
		- 
		,   
		   
		   
		    
		   
		   ܻ 
		 
		Ż  
		 
		  
		  
		 
		 4 
		   
		    ۻ  
		    MSL 
		   
		  
		  
		    
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		  
		   
		,  . . (19041990) 
		  ( )
		  
		 , , 
		  
		 
		   
		 
		,   (18751966) 
		 
		- 
		  
		  
		 
		 ʻ   
		  
		 
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		    ()  
		     
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		    
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		 
		  
		    
		   
		 ()   
		   
		-  
		   
		  
		 
		   (, ) 
		 
		  
		  
		 
		   
		 
		 
		     
		  
		 - 
		  
		ɻ  
		   
		   
		 
		  
		  
		   
		 
		     
		   
		  
		  
		   л 
		-   
		   
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 ʻ 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		     
		  
		        
		 -  
		 -  
		-
		
		 - (  ) 
		  
		  
		   
		    
		   
		    
		 
		   
		   
		   
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 - 
		  
		  
		    
		   
		     
		  
		  
		  
		 
		   
		л  
		C  ׻ 
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		 
		Ȼ 
		
		 
		 
		  
		 
		  
		  
		    
		 
		 
		   
		     
	
		 
		- 
		- 
		  Ȼ 
		  
		 
		,  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		- 
		,    (18561915) 
		 
		   
		  
		  
		   
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		 
		  
		 
		 Ȼ 
		  (  )
		 
		  
		 () 
		 
		 
		  
		  
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		   
		 W 
		 X 
		 Y 
		 Z 
		 
		     
		   
		 
		  
		  
		    
		 
		 
		  1  
		  2  
		  3  
		  
		  
		- 
		   
		  
		 
		  
		  
		-  
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 һ 
		  
		   
		  
		 
		  
		  һ 
		  
		  
		   
		  
		    
		,   
		   
		 
		 
		  
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		  
		 
		 
		  
		   
		  
		   
		 
		,   
		,  
		 
		 
		  
	
		 
		  ߻ 
		 
		   
		     
		   
		   
		       
		  
		   
		 
		      
		   
		 
		    
		   
		   
		   
		  
		   
		   
		 
		 
		,   (. 1936) 
		    
		   
		  
		   
		   
		       
		   
		   
		   
		  -˻ 
		  -˻ 
		         
		   
		    
		   
		    
		   
		     
		    
		     
		   
		          
		   
		   
		   
		   
		 
		   
		     
		   
		    
		   
		   
		 
		 
		   
		   
		     
		   
		 
		Ȼ  
		Ż   
		     
		     
		   
		   
		   
		    
		    
		 
		 
		   
		    
		       
		      
		   
		     
		  
		    (  )  
		 
	
		,  (18411925) 
		   / 
		 
		   
		 
		 
		     
		   
		   
		   
		  
		   
		 
		     
		 
		- 
		,  (18681933) 
		    
		   
		   
		  
		  
		 
		 
		 
		 
		   
		 
		  (   )  
		    
		   
		  
		  
		   
		 
		 
	
		 
		   
		,  (19151992)  
		 
		  
		   
		  
		  
		  
		  
		  
		 
		 
		-,  
		,   (. 1932) 
	
		   
		 
		   
		     
		   
		 һ 
		   
		   
		 
		,       
		  
		      
		 ,    
		         
		  
		   
		   
		        
		        
		         
		,         
		 
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  
		  
		   
		 
		  
		  ,  
	
		       
		
		  
		   
		   
		   
		 
		  
		  
		  
		   
		   
		   
		   
		    
		  P   
		   
		     
		    
		   
		     
		   
		       
		   
		      
		    
		   
		,   (. 1918) 
	
		 
		,   .
		,   (. 1937) 
		     
		   
		     
		   
		 
		   
		 
		,   (19111977) 
	
		
		,  (1934) 
		  
		  
		 
		   
		  
		    
		    
		  
		 
		  
		  
		  
		 (  ) (Externality)
		  
		 (  )
		   
		  
		  
		  
		   
		  (  ) 
		  
		     
		   
		   
		 
		 
		   
		   
		   
		   
		   
		   
		     
		   
		    
	
		   
	
		 
		 
		 
		 
		    
		 
		    
		  
	 
	  
